Herramientas básicas para obtener información de servidores externos

Podemos encontrar una serie de herramientas básicas con las que se puede obtener informaciones servidores externos como son:

• El ping, es una herramienta que viene por default instalada en casi todos los sistemas operativos, mediante la cual podemos comprobar si un dispositivo esta en linea o no. dicha herramienta se utiliza a travez de la consola de la siguiente manera.
• 
  

                  $ ping www.google.es

• PING www.google.es (216.58.192.99): 56 data bytes
  64 bytes from 216.58.192.99: icmp_seq=0 ttl=58 time=52.455 ms
  64 bytes from 216.58.192.99: icmp_seq=1 ttl=58 time=50.550 ms
  64 bytes from 216.58.192.99: icmp_seq=2 ttl=58 time=66.285 ms
  64 bytes from 216.58.192.99: icmp_seq=3 ttl=58 time=50.712 ms
  64 bytes from 216.58.192.99: icmp_seq=4 ttl=58 time=51.087 ms
  64 bytes from 216.58.192.99: icmp_seq=5 ttl=58 time=61.689 ms
  64 bytes from 216.58.192.99: icmp_seq=6 ttl=58 time=51.021 ms
  64 bytes from 216.58.192.99: icmp_seq=7 ttl=58 time=50.464 ms
  ^C
  --- www.google.es ping statistics ---
  8 packets transmitted, 8 packets received, 0.0% packet loss
  round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 50.464/54.283/66.285/5.749 ms

• Otra herramienta muy util es el whois, esta herramienta nos permite saber a quien pertenece un dominio una dirección ip.
• Ejemplo:
• 
  
• juanjo$ whois 216.58.192.99
  
  
  #
  # ARIN WHOIS data and services are subject to the Terms of Use
  # available at: https://www.arin.net/whois_tou.html
  #
  # If you see inaccuracies in the results, please report at
  # http://www.arin.net/public/whoisinaccuracy/index.xhtml
  #
  
  
  
  
  #
  # Query terms are ambiguous.  The query is assumed to be:
  #     "n 216.58.192.99"
  #
  # Use "?" to get help.
  #
  
  
  #
  # The following results may also be obtained via:
  # http://whois.arin.net/rest/nets;q=216.58.192.99?showDetails=true&showARIN=false&showNonArinTopLevelNet=false&ext=netref2
  #
  
  
  NetRange:       216.58.192.0 - 216.58.223.255
  CIDR:           216.58.192.0/19
  NetName:        GOOGLE
  NetHandle:      NET-216-58-192-0-1
  Parent:         NET216 (NET-216-0-0-0-0)
  NetType:        Direct Allocation
  OriginAS:       AS15169
  Organization:   Google Inc. (GOGL)
  RegDate:        2012-01-27
  Updated:        2012-01-27
  Ref:            http://whois.arin.net/rest/net/NET-216-58-192-0-1
  
  
  
  
  
  
  OrgName:        Google Inc.
  OrgId:          GOGL
  Address:        1600 Amphitheatre Parkway
  City:           Mountain View
  StateProv:      CA
  PostalCode:     94043
  Country:        US
  RegDate:        2000-03-30
  Updated:        2013-08-07
  Ref:            http://whois.arin.net/rest/org/GOGL
  
  
  
  
  OrgAbuseHandle: ZG39-ARIN
  OrgAbuseName:   Google Inc
  OrgAbusePhone:  +1-650-253-0000
  OrgAbuseEmail:  arin-contact@google.com
  OrgAbuseRef:    http://whois.arin.net/rest/poc/ZG39-ARIN
  
  
  OrgTechHandle: ZG39-ARIN
  OrgTechName:   Google Inc
  OrgTechPhone:  +1-650-253-0000
  OrgTechEmail:  arin-contact@google.com
  OrgTechRef:    http://whois.arin.net/rest/poc/ZG39-ARIN
  
  
  
  
  #
  # ARIN WHOIS data and services are subject to the Terms of Use
  # available at: https://www.arin.net/whois_tou.html
  #
  # If you see inaccuracies in the results, please report at
  # http://www.arin.net/public/whoisinaccuracy/index.xhtml
  
  
• Una de mis herramientas favoritas es el nmap, esta nos permite ver que puertos tiene abiertos un servidor. 
• Ejemplo:
• juanjo$ nmap google.es
  
  
  Starting Nmap 6.49BETA5 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2015-10-03 10:36 AST
  Nmap scan report for google.es (216.58.192.99)
  Host is up (0.070s latency).
  Other addresses for google.es (not scanned): 2607:f8b0:4008:80b::2003
  rDNS record for 216.58.192.99: mia07s35-in-f3.1e100.net
  Not shown: 998 filtered ports
  PORT    STATE SERVICE
  80/tcp  open  http
  443/tcp open  https
  
  
  Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 9.88 seconds